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The Nobel Peace Medal
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Reverse
Alfred Nobel
Alfred Bernhard Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden on 21 October 1833. When he was eight, the family moved to Russia, where
his father opened a mechanical engineering workshop. His interest in science, especially chemistry, appeared at an early age,
never taking any college or university examination.
He returned to Sweden in 1863 and began work as a chemist at his father's workshop at Heleneborg in Stockholm. He succeeded
in further developing the explosive nitroglycerine, which he began manufacturing in Sweden in 1864. In 1867, Nobel obtained
a patent on a special type of nitroglycerine, which he called "dynamite". The invention quickly proved its usefulness in building
and construction in many countries. The original form of dynamite was gradually replaced by gelatin dynamite, which was safer
to handle. In that development, too, Nobel played a major part.
Alfred Nobel wound up with a total of 355 patents, some more imaginative than useful, others both extremely practicable and
valuable. He went on experimenting in pursuit of inventions in many fields, notably with synthetic materials. Income from
the many enterprises all over the world in which he had interests made him one of the wealthiest men in Europe.
Nobel took a keen interest in social questions, and is known to have held radical views on many contemporary problems. His
scientific and industrial activities took him to most European and American countries. He lived in Paris for a number of years,
but planned to return to Sweden and settle down for good at Karlskoga, where he owned property. On 10 December, 1896, before
the plans could be realised, he died at his home in San Remo in Italy.
In January 1897 it was learned that he had left the bulk of his considerable estate to a fund, the interest on which was to
be awarded annually to the persons whose work had been of the greatest benefit to mankind. The statutes of the foundation
which administered the fund - the Nobel Foundation - were adopted on 29 June 1900.
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1988 Nobel Peace Prize Laureates
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Nobel Peace Prize Laureates
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The Nobel Peace Prize Laureates
2002 Jimmy Carter
2001 United Nations (U.N.), Kofi Annan
2000 Kim Dae-jung
1999 Médecins Sans Frontières
1998 John Hume, David Trimble
1997 International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL), Jody Williams
1996 Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo, José Ramos-Horta
1995 Joseph Rotblat, Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
1994 Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin
1993 Nelson Mandela, Frederik Willem de Klerk
1992 Rigoberta Menchú Tum
1991 Aung San Suu Kyi
1990 Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
1989 The 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso )
1988 United Nations Peace-keeping Forces
1987 Oscar Arias Sanchez
1986 Elie Wiesel
1985 International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
1984 Desmond Mpilo Tutu
1983 Lech Walesa
1982 Alva Myrdal, Alfonso García Robles
1981 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
1980 Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
1979 Mother Teresa
1978 Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat, Menachem Begin
1977 Amnesty International
1976 Betty Williams, Mairead Corrigan
1975 Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov
1974 Seán MacBride, Eisaku Sato
1973 Henry A. Kissinger, Le Duc Tho
1972 The prize money for 1972 was allocated to the Main Fund
1971 Willy Brandt
1970 Norman E. Borlaug
1969 International Labour Organization (I.L.O.)
1968 René Cassin
1967 The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section
1966 The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section
1965 United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
1964 Martin Luther King Jr.
1963 Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross), Ligue des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge
(League of Red Cross Societies)
1962 Linus Carl Pauling
1961 Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld
1960 Albert John Lutuli
1959 Philip J. Noel-Baker
1958 Georges Pire
1957 Lester Bowles Pearson
1956 The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section
1955 The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section
1954 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
1953 George Catlett Marshall
1952 Albert Schweitzer
1951 Léon Jouhaux
1950 Ralph Bunche
1949 Lord (John) Boyd Orr of Brechin
1948 The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section
1947 Friends Service Council (The Quakers), American Friends Service Committee (The Quakers)
1946 Emily Greene Balch, John Raleigh Mott
1945 Cordell Hull
1944 Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross)
1943 The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section
1942 The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section
1941 The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section
1940 The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section
1939 The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section
1938 Office international Nansen pour les Réfugiés (Nansen International Office for Refugees)
1937 Cecil of Chelwood, Viscount (Lord Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne Cecil)
1936 Carlos Saavedra Lamas
1935 Carl von Ossietzky
1934 Arthur Henderson
1933 Sir Norman Angell (Ralph Lane)
1932 The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section
1931 Jane Addams, Nicholas Murray Butler
1930 Lars Olof Nathan (Jonathan) Söderblom
1929 Frank Billings Kellogg
1928 The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section
1927 Ferdinand Buisson, Ludwig Quidde
1926 Aristide Briand, Gustav Stresemann
1925 Sir Austen Chamberlain, Charles Gates Dawes
1924 The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section
1923 The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section
1922 Fridtjof Nansen
1921 Karl Hjalmar Branting, Christian Lous Lange
1920 Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois
1919 Thomas Woodrow Wilson
1918 The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section
1917 Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross)
1916 The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section
1915 The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section
1914 The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section
1913 Henri La Fontaine
1912 Elihu Root
1911 Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Alfred Hermann Fried
1910 Bureau international permanent de la Paix (Permanent International Peace Bureau)
1909 Auguste Marie François Beernaert, Paul HenriBenjamin d'Estournelles de Constant, Baron de Constant de Rebecque
1908 Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Fredrik Bajer
1907 Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Louis Renault
1906 Theodore Roosevelt
1905 Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von Suttner, née Countess Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau
1904 Institut de droit international (Institute of International Law)
1903 William Randal Cremer
1902 Élie Ducommun, Charles Albert Gobat
1901 Jean Henri Dunant, Frédéric Passy
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